Artificial Intelligence of Machines

The artificial field of research was first proposed in a conference in the year 1956 which was later proceed by different studies. The evolution of the artificial Intelligence can be found millennia ago with the development of the human civilization. In the dawn of 19 th century, William Paley first argued about the requirement of the intelligent designers which are needed for the development of the complex adaptive system. One of very first papers on the machine Intelligence names computing Machinery and Intelligence was written by the British mathematician Alan Turing (Turing, 1950). He started to research over the computable numbers and in the year 1937 he has proposed central limit theorem and wrote about the computable numbers where he has proposed the concept of universal machine. This was used by the British Intelligence in during the Second World War to break the German coded Messages. Successful completion of the artificial Intelligence we need two things, which are artifac ts and the intelligence (Negnevitsky, 2005). The computer is considered as artifacts and best equipment which can demonstrate the intelligence. The first operational modern computer was Heath Robinson in the year 1940; this was built by the team of Alan Turing’s team. In later years many vacuum tubes used Computers came into existence also some programmable computers like German Z-3 computers.   The first breakthrough was the IBM 701 which was the most successful General purpose digital computer. This computer became a successful invention in the decade and yielded billions of dollars as revenue for the IBM.   This led to the revolution in the computer industry and companies started to spend over the research on the most improved version of the computer system (Specter, 2006).   Generation based computer development led to the development of the more improved and developed computer system. The most improved version is the 5 th generation of computers which we are using nowadays and, this has the capability calculate a large number of algorithms at a time.   The development of the Software system can’t be ignored as this made a significant impact on the development of the Artificial Intelligence.   In a time frame, the evolution of the artificial Intelligence ranges from the year 1950 to 2015. 1950- Alan turning Turing published the first paper about the artificial Intelligence and stated the possibility of the machines with Intelligence.   Alan and team also introduce the first computer which they have used in World War 2 for decoding German messages.   This led to the invention of the Vacuum pipe based computer system (Russel, 2003). 1956-      John McCarthy first established the Artificial Intelligence research field in a conference. This was stated here and lead to the establishment of research field regarding the Artificial Intelligence. This conference was attended by many types of research. 1995- US department of defiance first used UAV in Balkan war. The predator drone was equipped with Artificial Intelligence system and this led to further development in this field.    1997 - IBM Deep blue AI system wins a chess match against world champion Gary Kasparov. 2011- Debut of Virtual personal assistance like SIRI and Cortana.   SIRI and CORTANA are two personal assistant robots which are developed by Apple Inc. and Microsoft   Corp. 2011 - IBM Watson computer defeats Jeopardy game show champion. Oct 2013 - Vicarious breaks any Captcha and passed the Turing test. Jan 2014 - Deep mind teams created a program which won the Atari Games. May 2015 - Google started the self-driven cars, which are considered as a revolution in human history.   This project is still in development phase and its considered as the next generation machine with Intelligence. Jun 2015 - Facebook detects launches moments which can detect faces and make a gallery with tagging the friends whom they know. The timeline describes the real changes which have occurred since the evolution of the Artificial Intelligence. As this is considered that artificial intelligence consists of developing human intelligence and rationality in the machines so we must talk about the human civilization development.    Artificial Intelligence exists in our day to day life, the spell checker which is used by the computers and automatic spelling correction are few examples which we can count. A machine with Artificial Intelligence or we can say that a machine with the self-thinking and analyzing ability is somewhat equal to the normal human being. We use SIRI in our day to day life for personal assistance; the SIRI is a personal assistant for us. This is a robot with own thinking ability and it's designed to solve our issues related to different dimensions. A mining robot goes into the deep ocean and explores the possibility of the existence of oil and minerals inside the sea surface which are a difficult task for a human being meanwhile NASA is extensively using robots with self-intelligence for the Space missions. Reasoning and Logic: This is considered as one of the basic needs of the Artificial Intelligence. This is considered as the inbuilt ability of the Artificial Intelligence, which means the machines can do reasoning and produce logic as we humans do.   Machines with intelligence are being used in a security system as well as in the defense program by the governments around the world. The present Black Hawk MK 2 predator drone which was developed by the US Department of Defense and this is being used for different purposes. The machines are programmed to do as a specific task which is assigned to do. The accuracy and the time efficiency are considered as major parts (Poole, 1998). Artificial intelligence and their application in our day to day life are increasing significantly. Nowadays with the greater research and development in the computer as well as in the software system is making it more users friendly and advanced.   AI is being used in the Games where the opponents are programmed and they can take own moves as per requirements.   Machine learning is another thing which can be seen in the artificial intelligence; robots are dancing over the music beats and giving expression. The same applies when robots are playing football like we play with certain moves. This defines the ability of machine learning; these machines are programmed so that they can do certain tasks with more accuracy and with more efficiency at less time (Bundy, 1980). In the 21 st century the computer system, as well as the software system, is developing at a greater pace which is considered as host and mind in the Artificial intelligence. The advantages of Artificial Intelligence: The disadvantages of the artificial intelligence: In this assignment, I have discussed the Artificial Intelligence. Artificial system is a revolutionary development in human history which consists of philosophy, behavior and the technological advancement generation by generations.   In this assignment, I conclude that Artificial Intelligence is an ongoing development in the present human generation which will define the future of the human-made technology. The present artificial Intelligence contains the roots from last 2000 years when human civilizations started to define the behavior and philosophy. I have also discussed the Evolution of the Computer system as well as the Artificial Intelligence; this was first started in 1951 by the British scientist Turing which is later preceded by different researchers and scientists. The evolution process also contains the development of the digital computer and the software. I have also mentioned the ability of the Artificial Intelligence, what this technology can do and where we are using this technology. The pros and cons are also stated in the assignment. These advantages and Disadvantages are something which is needed to be addressed properly. Especially, the impacts of the artificial Intelligence over the Human thinking and working ability. Being too much dependable over the artificial intelligence and technology will make us lazy and dependable over the technology. This will also affect our capabilities, so we need to address these issues to improve the situation which we may face. Crevier, Daniel (1993), AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial Intelligence, New York, NY: BasicBooks McCorduck, Pamela (2004), Machines Who Think (2nd ed.), Natick, MA: A. K. Peters, Ltd Nilsson, Nils (2009). The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements. New York: Cambridge University Press Poole, David; Mackworth, Alan; Goebel, Randy (1998). Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach. New York: Oxford University Press Spector, (2012), Evolution of artificial intelligence, ELSEVIER Journal Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2003), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd ed.), Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Charniak, D. McDermott, (1985), Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Addison-Wesley Dean, J. Allen, Y. Aloimonos, (1995), Artificial Intelligence: Theory and Practice, Benjamin/Cummings, New York Lara, (2015), What Can Artificial Intelligence Do For Us? Retrieved from https://thegreatiproject.com/what-can-artificial-intelligence-do-for-us/ N.J. Nilsson, (1998), Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco Howe, J. (November 1994). "Artificial Intelligence at Edinburgh University: a Perspective" Haugeland, John (1985). Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press Lohn, G.S. Hornby, D. Linden, An evolved antenna for deployment on NASA’s space technology 5 mission Yu, B. Worzel (Eds.), (2004) Genetic Programming Theory and Practice II, Springer, New York Poli, W.B. Langdon, (2006) Backward-chaining evolutionary algorithms, Artificial Intelligence P.H. Winston, (1984), Artificial Intelligence, second ed., Addison-Wesley A.M. Turing, (1992),   Intelligent machinery, in D.C. Ince (Ed.), Collected Works of A.M. Turing: Mechanical Intelligence, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam Abelson, H. and DiSessa, A. (1981). Turtle Geometry: The Computer as a Medium for Exploring Mathematics. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Abramson, H., and Rogers, M.H. (Eds.) (1989). Meta-Programming in Logic Programming. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

The Presidency Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Business in emerging markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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